Community Health in the Event of a Sars Outbreak Essay

SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) is a respiratory sickness brought about by a coronavirus, initially detailed in Asia in February 2003 and spread to more than two dozen nations before being contained (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2005). When tainted, people with SARS at first build up a high fever and other influenza like indications including cerebral pain, body throbs and â€Å"overall sentiment of discomfort† previously, as a rule, advancing to pneumonia (CDC, 2005). The illness was first analyzed in a moderately aged man who had flown from China to Hong Kong. A couple of days after the declaration of the sickness, bits of gossip and frenzy started to spread, making individuals purchase out food and supplies, as the Chinese government demanded the malady was leveled out and demanded quiet (â€Å"Timeline,† 2003). As the ailment executed the man and the doctor diagnosing the malady, it kept on spreading through different nations, tainting a great many individuals and slaughtering hundreds (â€Å"SARS,† 2011). Before the month's over, Hong Kong and Vietnam were revealing instances of extreme and â€Å"atypical† pneumonia (â€Å"Timeline,† 2003). In March 2003, the WHO gave a worldwide wellbeing alert and a crisis tourism warning, and United States authorities urged all residents to suspend unimportant travel to the influenced nations and Singapore, Ontario and Hong Kong started home isolate (â€Å"Timeline,† 2003). Schools in Southeast Asia shut and there were critical monetary impacts just as air travel slowed down and business overall was influenced. In April, nations took steps to isolate whole planeloads of individuals on the off chance that anybody on board demonstrated manifestations, and others compromised prison time for the individuals who hinder the endeavors to control the ailment (â€Å"Timeline,† 2003). On April 3, 2003, SARS turned into a transferable malady for which a solid individual associated with being tainted in the United States could be isolated without wanting to (â€Å"Executive Order,† 2003). By June 2003, the quantity of new cases had hindered enough to end the day by day WHO updates and tourism warnings were gradually being lifted (â€Å"SARS,† 2011). On July 5, the WHO announced SARS had been contained (â€Å"WHO,† 2003). Starting at 2005, no new instances of individual to-individual transmission have been accounted for (â€Å"Surveillance,† 2005). Pointers and Data The primary epidemiological markers for SARS recognized by driving social insurance associations, for example, the WHO and EpiNorth are the brooding time frame, irresistible period, and case-casualty proportions (World Health Organization: Department of Communicable Disease Surveillance and Response [WHO/DCDSR], 2003; Kutsar, 2004). As per the WHO, the middle brooding time frame announced was 4-5 days, with a base revealed hatching time of 1 day in 4 cases and a limit of 14 days detailed in China. After further investigation of 1425 cases it was resolved that 95% of patients would start to encounter side effects inside 14. 22 days on disease (WHO/DCDSR, 2003). The irresistible period, or the time of coherence, was resolved to be inside the second seven day stretch of ailment, when patients are all the more seriously sick and encountering fast disintegration (Kutsar, 2004). During the SARS flare-up of 2003, 8,093 individuals were tainted and 774 of these individuals kicked the bucket because of their contamination, with a case-casualty pace of 9. 6% (CDC, 2005; â€Å"Revised U. S. Surveillance,† 2003). The cases were accounted for from 29 nations on 4 landmasses, with 29 cases from the United States (â€Å"Revised U. S. Surveillance,† 2003). Other epidemiologic variables influencing the spread of SARS were found, too. Twenty-one percent of all cases were medicinal services laborers engaged with methodology that created pressurized canned products, with 3% of the United States cases and 43% of the Canadian cases being individuals in this gathering (Kutsar, 2004). Other hazard factors discovered included â€Å"household contact with a plausible instance of SARS, expanding age, male sex and the nearness of co-morbidities† and, in China the butcher of natural life for human utilization (WHO/DCDSR, 2003, p. 14). Courses of Transmission In the research center setting, the infection was found in respiratory beads, defecation, spit, tears and pee (WHO/DCDSR, 2003). SARS is essentially spread through close, individual contact, for example, kissing, embracing, eating or drinking, just as being inside 3 feet of an individual who hacks or sniffles while tainted and shedding the infection. These exercises permit the respiratory beads shed during these exercises to interact with mucous films found in the eyes, nose and mouth (Kutsar, 2004). Different methods of transmission incorporate aerosolizing techniques in clinic settings and tainting of surfaces in â€Å"healthcare offices, families and other shut environments† (Kutsar, 2004, para. 12). There has been no affirmation of fecal-oral transmission or of transmission by means of water or food; in any case, more than 33% of the most punctual cases in China were among food handlers (Kutsar, 2004). At last, there is a chance of creature vector transmission, as examined concerning the Hong Kong’s Amoy Gardens (WHO/DCDSR, 2003). Impact of Outbreak on Community The SARS flare-up caused significant consequences for the networks influenced. In light of the 2003 flare-up, one can expect comparative issues would create should the ailment repeat. The greatest effect on networks influenced would be the strain on the social insurance framework. Since SARS is a to a great extent respiratory malady, it can cause intense issues in the patients contaminated, requiring hospitalization as a rule. In the 2003 episode, populace well on the way to create SARS was social insurance laborers. All things considered, an expansion in hospitalizations inside a network with a diminished measure of medicinal services laborers intensifies the strain on the community’s social insurance framework. Further consequences for the network in case of a SARS episode would be found in the end of open structures, for example, schools. On the off chance that the schools shut, as they did in Southeast Asia during the 2003 episode, families with two working guardians would need to discover options for their youngsters. With business rates in the United States being low right now, numerous individuals might be reluctant to request time off work, expecting that another person would effortlessly supplant them in their position. These worries could likewise build the chance of mass transmission, the same number of individuals may attempt to keep working while wiped out, not understanding they were conveying the dangerous sickness. Moreover, numerous individuals may stall looking for clinical exhortation on their side effects, dreading they would be told to remain at home from work, hospitalized or even isolated. As prove in research facility investigations of the infection, infection emission increments as the sickness waits (Kutsar, 2004). Just, the more drawn out an individual is contaminated, the more effectively they transmit the disease to other people. As increasingly more of the network gets contaminated, and perhaps isolated, different administrations in the network will endure. Market racks may stay void longer, as sound staff battle to stay aware of the interest. Mail conveyance may protract because of increasingly postal transporters getting sick and remaining at home. Organizations as a rule might be compelled to abbreviate their hours because of a failure to plan staff, bringing about issues with banking, supplies, and even medicine dispensing. Further, the network wellbeing framework would be extraordinarily worried, as the quantity of individuals requiring care would develop, possibly covering a bigger territory than typically served and stressing the assets of the general wellbeing framework. This strain would affect the entirety of the projects served out of the nearby workplaces, affecting considerably more individuals. Convention In the State of Illinois, SARS is recorded with the Class I(a) conditions that have been announced to be â€Å"contagious, irresistible, or transferable and might be risky to the open health,† and, should be accounted for to the neighborhood wellbeing division inside three hours of starting clinical doubt (Control of Communicable Diseases Code, 2008). This should be possible electronically through mail, telephone, fax or the online framework, I-NEDSS (Illinois National Electronic Disease Surveillance System) and will incorporate case name and contact data also that of the doctor. After the nearby general wellbeing office has been advised, they will contact the Illinois Department of Public Health, additionally inside three hours utilizing similar procedures. This report will incorporate race, sexual orientation, and ethnicity also (Control of Communicable Diseases Code, 2008). These reports are sent by means of the National Notifiable Disease Surveillance System (NNDSS), which is worked by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in a joint effort with the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) and permits the CDC to screen new cases and illness inclines just as assess the effectiveness of counteraction and control exercises, program arranging and assessment, and strategy advancement (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2011). Adjustment of Care As a network wellbeing attendant, one must be continually mindful of changes in the earth served. On the off chance that a report of poor air quality is given while the network wellbeing medical caretaker is thinking about patients experiencing asthma and other respiratory issue, prompt move must be made as the poor air quality can cause intensifications. In the first place, the attendant should organize the patient loadâ€which persistent is the most defenseless to this adjustment in air quality and ought to be seen first? At that point, the attendant will start calling or, if time permits, visiting the patients to check in and give further course. A portion of the intercessions the attendant may propose are to remain inside shutting all windows and ways to keep the poor air from entering the home and meddling with the patientâ

Operations Management and the Demise of Best Buy Essay

BEST BUY This task will talk about the stock strategies, client care, and by and large activities of Best Buy and how through better tasks the executives the organization can be worked. We will utilize models from the course book, class conversation and gathering conversation. We will likewise talk with exchange diaries and web articles. Review: Best purchase was established in 1996 in Richfield, Minnesota by Richard Schulze as an electronic claim to fame store. The organization has increased 19% of the purchaser gadgets deals advertise. Best purchase works more than 1150 stores worldwide and has a few distinct brands and auxiliaries including Geek Squad, Magnolia sound video and Best express. Best purchase has produced more than 40 billion dollars in incomes in North America, 3 billion in Europe and 1.5 billion in China. Best purchase experienced extraordinary incomes when its adversary Circuit city left business and did very well up until the financial downturn of 2008 and 2009. Issues and current circumstance: The organization proceeds must have furious rivalry from Verizon, ATT, Apple Wal-Mart and in particular â€Å"Amazon†. The fruition for clients is just getting fiercer with the online retailers like Amazon keeps on taking increasingly more piece of the pie away room Best Buy. Ruin of Best Buy: Why is best purchase leaving business now? In one sense Best Buy is the cause all its own problems; there has been number of issues with best purchase. A portion of the expressed issues are: 1. Poor item information and absence of item accessibility: For instance toward the start of the semester I needed to purchase another PC. I went to the Best Buy nearest to the school and I comprehended what I needed and the amount I was happy to pay. I had inquire about the Best Buy site and discovered itâ online yet didn't have time or persistence to pause. So I went to the store and they didn't have the PC I needed. I found a comparable PC that performed similarly also yet it’s not what I needed. 2. More significant expenses: Best Buy can't contend on value any more and the clients know this full and well. For instance in the event that you found the confirm innovation device in best purchase for 100 dollars and online for 75 dollars, where might you purchase all thing being equivalent. Of the appropriate response is you would get it on the web. Particularly if it’s an item you know about. This lone makes Best Buys show staying issue far more detestable. 3. Poor Customer fulfillment: Fulfilling a client is a significant key to make business, however best purchase appears loosing this key. Some ongoing studies show that Best Buy has been giving a valiant effort to leave the soldiers miserable. Central point for this are the more significant expenses, poor client assistance, and need to stock administration. In this time of Cut-Throat Competition, Best purchase is losing its grasp in the electronic market. Company like Amazon, eBay are spreading its business extremely quick leaving no extent of misstep for its rivals. Best purchase has needs item for show in there show rooms, says my own understanding. Entering the stores and incapable to recognize the most recent results of very good quality American brands like apple, doesn’t intrigue anybody. Uncommonly, when you have the entrance to all sort of electronic item on sites like Amazon that too with all sort of specialized subtleties. Best Buy need to build up its stock administration in order to show and convey items to their clients on schedule. Centering the goofs where organization made conciliatory sentiments to a huge number of clients for not conveying items for Christmas which were arranges on thanks giving, Best buy’s notoriety is in a difficult situation which Best Buy is confronting is †it can't give a free home conveyance dissimilar to Amazon and EBay. Likewise these online sites gives offices like picking the item from the customer’s place if the client wishes to restore the request. This has denied Best Buy from a tremendous group to potential clients. There is an extreme need that best purchase should make a few procedures to build up an arrangement of free home conveyance. One more factor which pesters most to a layman is following through on significant expenses. Best Buy must turn out to be a few intends to contend online sites and furthermore some developing electronic store which mean to sellâ products keeping low edge cash. Serving the client in better manner appears to be a past strategy of Best Buy. At the point when a company’s client experience begins to drop, it’s time to sell the stock. I’m apprehensive that may have occurred, best case scenario Buy, particularly when I take a gander at their new consumer loyalty reviews. Minutes when the client agent have no idea to the specialized part of the item has gotten normal. May be some instructional meetings for the CR’s may come out productive. Predominant patterns are reliably contriving against their plan of action; Best Buy must acknowledge this reality. Out of which purchasing items from your home sitting on a lounge chair, interests each client. Additionally the inventive high visual computerization and complex virtual presentation of item is making things work better for online merchants and purchasers yet a hard nut for organizations like best purchase. Best purchase has been attempting forcefully to thrive its market in places like UK, China and might be, this has driven Best Buy to get diverted from its home ground of execution. Appears ample opportunity has already past for Best purchase to re-engineer its business module and buckle down on consumer loyalty part. (Sources: American Customer Satisfaction Index and Devil’s Advocate Group examination) Many store center around client assistance, yet Best Buy couldn't care less. As per â€Å"http://www.resellerratings.com/store/Best_Buy† Best Buy one of the most minimal client rating on client care. I myself had a terrible encounter when I purchased a Dell PC on Best Buy on the web. The PC will crash (blue screen) when I utilize over 30 minutes. In the first place, I thought the product I attempted to discover the issue, however not discovered anything. At the point when it smashed too often, I chose to reestablish the Windows. It despite everything smashed then I chose to trade the PC, best case scenario Buy Saugus (near my home). I met a woman there then clarified the issue. After that she stepped through my PC to examination. At the point when she returned she would not acknowledge PC return. She let me know there was nothing incorrectly on that PC. I disclosed to her I can't utilize that PC it slammed on the off chance that I utilize over 30 minutes. I had utilized that PC for 5 days and the arrival strategy is 15 days (presently change to 30 days), so I can trade. She answered in the event that I need to return and trade I need to pay 15 percent restocking charges. I asked her for what good reason, she answered on the grounds that I restored a decent PC. I continued clarifying her about the PC issue, however she didn't hear me out then she called another client â€Å"Next customer†. I was veryâ angry. 4. Absence of Employee’s Knowledge and the utilization of innovation: Best Buy has adequate number of workers to serve the horde of clients. Greater part of the best buy’s representative doesn't have the best persuading power from the outset. They representatives don't have adequate information about the item and are not refreshed with the refreshing of innovation. From my own experience I found that a portion of the representatives don't have adequate information about the items. I went there to purchase an Apple Mac Book Pro. I had utilized apple items since quite a while so I asked them some specialized inquiries. Furthermore, out of my 7 inquiries they had the option to comprehend just 4 of my questions, and on getting some information about the rest they answered me that we are amazingly unfortunately we don't have a response for this. At that point I went to apple store and put a similar 7 questions around their work area and I got the answer for all my 7 inquiries. The division likewise faces issues of over stock and unavailable of materials. Best purchase is additionally not refreshed with the innovation of programmed solicitation of setting orders. There are issues when the materials leave stock and the client is deprived to that specific material as it were. Being a serious world the client won’t trust that couple of days will get that material from best purchase rather would go to some other store and get that material. These issues can be comprehended if innovations are utilized to a decent degree. Looking at Wal-Mart and best purchase Wal-Mart utilizes a programmed re-request procedure for every one of its materials. For instance: 100 checks of chips are requested and the subtleties are put in their database. As the checks of the chips from their database go underneath 30 the framework programmed submits a re-request of 100 tallies of chips. Utilizing along these lines they never face an over stock and unavailable issues. The database is in the know regarding the most recent sections of the inventories. 5. Stock administration: On the administration side of the organization it has large issues with its stock administration just as its pay strategy. Best purchase was extremely delayed to enter the online market and has not done well in making its site excellent. The organization stock framework should change to an increasingly never-ending stock like Wal-Mart. What's more, it ought to have a remuneration framework dependent on great deals just as great help. A superior Human asset strategy dependent on creation would better serve the organization. The organization mustâ also figure out how to catch the client in the store and not has the client utilize the store as testing focus to later purchase over the web. The organization has neglected to get this going; better deals preparing just as client support preparing could counterbalance this. Also Best must free of selling DVD’s, and CD’s. They are occupying approach to much room in the stores and they are selling quick enough because of them being out of date. The organization has attempted to change this purchase opening Best Buy versatile stores in shopping centers like phone suppliers. This has decreased expense related with working the huge box store that best purchase has been known for. This additionally lessens area to help in making the organization progressively beneficial. In the event that they can con

Common Misconceptions About Psychotherapy

Common Misconceptions About Psychotherapy Psychotherapy Print Common Misconceptions About Psychotherapy What you can and cannot expect from psychotherapy By Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD twitter linkedin Deborah Glasofer, PhD is a professor of clinical psychology and practitioner of cognitive behavioral therapy. Learn about our editorial policy Deborah R. Glasofer, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Grant Hughes, MD on December 20, 2015 Grant Hughes, MD is board-certified in rheumatology and is the head of rheumatology at Seattles Harborview Medical Center. Learn about our Medical Review Board Grant Hughes, MD Updated on October 21, 2019 Gary Waters/Getty Images More in Psychotherapy Online Therapy In my experience consulting with patients who are considering whether or not to pursue psychotherapy to improve their mental health, the path to this decision is as varied as the people who travel down it. Sometimes, it is the concern of a friend, partner, or family member that is the tipping point for an individual to seek help. In other cases, a teacher, school, colleague, or employer is insisting that mental health needs be prioritized above all else so that a person can return to school (or work) on better psychological footing. Often, adults themselves are aware of ways in which they would like their relationships to be better, their mood or anxiety to feel more manageable, or of specific behaviors that they would like help to change; in these cases, people ‘self-refer’ in the interest of personal growth, symptom reduction, and overall improved quality of life. Regardless of how you might arrive at the decision to try psychotherapy (or the type of talk therapy you choose), you will arrive at your first session with a set of expectations including some misconceptions about the psychotherapy process. An Overview of Psychotherapy Why Are There Misconceptions About Psychotherapy? If you are an outsider to the field of mental health, you may be among the general public who could benefit from help improving  mental health literacy (i.e., knowledge about mental disorders). This certainly makes sense and is not unique to the field of mental health. After all, non-lawyers don’t typically know much about litigation. But it might make it hard for you to pinpoint the threshold for significant psychological distress in yourself or others (See this related post to  distinguish ‘normal’ anxiety from generalized anxiety disorder). And it can add hurdles to successfully initiating psychotherapy or being willing to stick with it. The most readily accessible information on psychotherapy comes from media portrayals. Research has shown that people do form conceptualizations and expectations of psychotherapy based on the illustrations they see in television and film. And whereas you might be able to balance out fictionalized, sometimes-damaging depictions of other professionals like physicians or teachers with your real-life experience receiving medical care or education, it may be more challenging to counter stereotypes of mental health clinicians, or the overall process of psychotherapy. What Not to Expect from Psychotherapy Understanding what not to expect from the experience can help you approach treatment as, as I like to think of it, an educated consumer with an open mind. Here are some common but misguided expectations to try to leave at the door before you enter your session: Don’t expect a quick fix. There are a very limited number of problems for which one session of psychotherapy will be all the treatment that is required (Exceptions to this include single-session exposure therapy for some specific phobias in adults, teens, and children.). Psychotherapy can be a short- or long-term commitment. The first several appointments are typically used for you and your therapist to determine if (and what kind of) therapy can be helpful. You will be asked to talk about the specific concerns that led you to seek care, as well as elements of your broader medical, social, and family history that will help the therapist get to know you better. For some people, it is quite uncomfortable to talk openly about their symptoms and history. For others, this is in and of itself a powerfully relieving experience.  Regardless, it is highly unlikely that meaningful, lasting change or resolution for longstanding patterns of thinking, relating, or behaving can be adequately achieved in a handful of appointments. That said, it is reasonable to expect structured, present-focused approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy, interpersonal psychotherapy, or acceptance and commitment therapy to be time-limited. Psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis, on the other hand, which focus on the exploration of unconscious desires and processes are likely to require a greater time investment. What Therapists Do In most cases, the process will not be easy. Psychotherapy is work. It will require you to take a hard look at yourself. You will not be alone in this; your therapist will be working hard too. You will work together to (1) develop more awareness about exactly what is causing you a problem (for example, particular ways of thinking, avoidant behaviors, expressing or coping with various emotions, or communication style), (2) understand how your current patterns are serving you well and not so well, and (3) experiment with different ways of thinking, doing, relating, and coping. What is Therapeutic Rapport? Along the way, there are likely to be moments when you feel worse before you feel better. Talking about traumatic experiences, for example, might disrupt sleep. Confronting ways in which others have treated you poorly, or you have mistreated others, can lead to sadness and anger. Facing something you are afraid ofâ€"be it a rollercoaster, raising your hand in class, or deciding to get a divorceâ€"can create more anxiety in the short-term. In your ‘feeling worse moments’, remember that the old patterns felt bad too. Perhaps it’s worth giving it some time to see if this tough moment will give way to something better in the long run? Talking with your therapist is not the same as talking to a friend. The therapeutic relationship differs from other relationships. It is not reciprocal, not a two-way street. You will likely share intimate details of yourself with your clinician, and he or she will not be responding in kind. The uni-directionality of sharing is not intended to be harsh or withholding, nor is it any kind of indicator of your trustworthiness or likability to the clinician. Rather, your therapist sets limits around what and when they will share personal information in order to keep the focus where it needs to beâ€"on you and your goalsâ€"and in some types of therapy, to help you makes sense of your assumptions (or projections) about him or her as another way to learn more about yourself. The boundaries set by a therapist in some instances can also model for you ways of limit-setting with others. Can You Be Friends With Your Therapist? Your therapist will not usually tell you exactly what to do, what decision to make, or that you’ve made the ‘right’ choice. Because your therapist will not be directly living out the consequences of your choices, he or she will typically refrain from overt instruction. There are certainly exceptions to thisâ€"namely, if there is a  concern for your safety or anyone else’sâ€"that might lead your therapist to be more candid and directive with you than usual. Rather than telling you what to do, your therapist will ask you questions to help you determine what you want to doâ€"and why. He or she will reflect back what you’ve said to help you hear it with ‘fresh ears’ and facilitate a thorough examination. Your therapist may guide you to consider other options you had not imagined or to think through the positive, negative, and ‘somewhere in between’ consequences of taking a particular path. If you work with the same therapist over an extended time frame, your therapist may be able to remind you about prior decisions (and their consequences) or flag repeated patterns. This may inform how you proceed with decision currently in front of you, or how you cope with its outcome. Don’t expect to ‘click’ with the first therapist you see. As unique as the therapeutic relationship is, it shares in common with other relationships that it involves two people coming together. You are clearly the expert on you, and you arrive at your therapist’s office with particular temperament and personal style, a perception of the active problems, and an idea of your goals for therapy. Your therapist is the mental health expert, and he or she is greeting you with their own particular therapeutic style, areas of clinical experience (including the  type of therapy practiced, age or diagnostic group(s) typically served, etc.), and temperament. You may not click with the first therapist you see or it might take more than one appointment to decide if theyre a good fit. You may need to see more than one clinician for multiple sessions before you find the right therapist. Finding the Best Therapist for You Best fit is different for different people, but you consider the following questions as a helpful start in evaluating goodness of fit for yourself: Has the therapist answered your questions to your satisfaction about your diagnosis, his/her clinical experience, and what treatment could involve?Does the therapist convey professionalism (in conversation, in the  office environment, in his or her description of practice policies regarding cancellation, emergencies, etc.)?Is the therapist asking thoughtful questions?Given any challenges for you in beginning psychotherapy, how comfortable do you feel talking openly with the therapist?Do you like his or her style,  including  their  extent of interaction with you, use of humor, ability to perceive and address your emotional state during a  session? To learn more, consult the American Psychological Association for additional information on what to expect and what not to expect from psychotherapy. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Summary of the Book Hunger of Memory and Response to It.

Public or Private: Why not both? There exists in the majority of people a schism between their public lives and their private lives. People should desire to have their public selves match their private selves as closely as possible. A rift between the two causes nothing but pain and suffering for everyone around those people and places a heavy burden on the spirit of the ones responsible. Trust and honesty are essential to our society and the truth should be complimentary, not earned. Richard Rodriguez, a writer and public speaker, expertly illustrates his own experience with this type of double life in his autobiography, Hunger of Memory. In the last section of Hunger of Memory Mr. Secrets, Rodriguez paints an intimate†¦show more content†¦Later, Rodriguezs mother asks what Psychiatry is. His answer involves Freud, analysis, and clinically trained listeners to which she replies, You mean that people tell a psychiatrist about their personal lives? (183). Would that be so bad? The key to being completely open and honest is to not have any regrets. Since the past can not be undone, no good can come from regret, people need only to learn from it and move on. If nothing is regretted then no secrets are necessary and honesty comes naturally. This simple idea, commonly practiced, can literally change the world. Rodriguez goes on to say, There are things so deeply personal that they can be revealed only to strangers (185). Why is that? Why is it often easier to speak of personal things with complete strangers? Perhaps Rodriguez believes that strangers do not know him well enough to judge him, and should a judgment come regardless, he does not know them well enough to care. That seems likely. However, this implies that he believes those close to him will judge him and that he is self-conscious enough to care. Is it any wonder that Rodriguez has adopted the same insecure and secretive attitude of his mother? Thus, the cycle continues. If Rodriguez would only let go of his regrets, he could get over his perceived loss and draw his family and friends a closer than they have ever been before. In Hunger of Memory, the chapterShow MoreRelatedHunger Of Memory By Richard Rodriquez1268 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican soil. Anything from racial discrimination or bias at work, in neighborhoods, at school, etc., can all be challenges that people encounter when making a move to the U.S. Such challenges are described by Richard Rodriquez in his autobiography Hunger of Memory. In this passage, he explains how cultural differences between Mexican and American ways of life have shaped him into the person that he is today. 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Freud believed that the human mind was composed of three elements:  the id, the ego, and the superego

The Life Poems of Langston Hughes Essay - 775 Words

During a time in American History were African Americans had no rights of freedom of speech or even a right to vote. Growing up in many different cities and living with many relatives, Langston Hughes experienced poverty. Langston Hughes used poetry to speak to the people. Langston Hughes is a pioneer of African American literature and the Harlem renaissance error. Mr. Hughes dedicated his poems to the struggles, pride, dreams, and racial injustices of African American people. Langston Hughes was born James Langston Hughes, February 1, 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. Langston Hughes, named after his grandfather James Mercer Langston, was the first African American elected to public office in 1855. Langston Hughes, mother and father soon†¦show more content†¦Langston Hughes left school after a year and started supporting himself and his mother with lowly jobs. In 1923, Mr. Hughes grabbed a job as a cabin boy with a freight company out of West Africa, which allowed him to travel to different countries. During his travels, Mr. Hughes was able to focus more on what he wanted to write. In addition, he was able to decide on his writing style. Langston Hughes was one of the first African Americans to earn a living entirely by writing. In 1924, Langston Hughes returned to Washington D.C. with expectations of going back to college. With all the racial tension in society at that time made it hard for him to find work. Langston Hughes struggled with the segregation and racial injustices in American. Langston Hughes wrote the book â€Å"The Weary Blues,† which expressed his disappointments and hard times in American, this book also won first prize in National Urban League magazine. Langston Hughes wanted to find a way to integrate black culture into his writing style. During his down time, Langston Hughes listened and remembered the great jazz and blues music in Harlem. Jazz, rhythm, blues, and racism inspired Langston Hughes writing style. Hughes stranded in Genoa, Italy and trying to catch several rides back to the U.S., Hughes was upset when he watched the white men easily get rides. Hughes furious over the injustice that was going on right in front of him, wrote the poem â€Å"I’Show MoreRelatedA Brief Look at Langston Hughes1413 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead MoreLangston Hughes The Weary Blues Analysis1256 Words   |  6 PagesOn Langston Hughes’s The Weary Blues Kevin Young, a graduate of Harvard University and one of the winners of the Guggenheim Fellowship, writes the historical perspective of Langston Hughes. He discusses the flowering of the African American literature and culture and how it is actually just the extension of the New Negro movement. From the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes is able to represent â€Å"different things† for â€Å"different men.† The uprising of Hughes’s poems are the result of their hardshipsRead MoreA Prize For Poetry, International Ibsen Award You Named. Langston Hughes1058 Words   |  5 Pagesyou named. Langston Hughes is a great poet, his poems are truly inspirational, persuasive. It s almost like he was talking directly to the reader. To begin with, have you ever wondered what impact Langston Hughes poems had on people lives. Well if so then you on the right place. James Mercer Langston Hughes was born February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. His parents were Caroline Mercer Langston and James Nathaniel Hughes. Langston parents divorced when he was a kid, Langston was raisedRead MoreRacism and Langston Hughes658 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes was a great African American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist (â€Å"The Biography of Langston Hughes†). As a child, he grew up in the times of racial inequality. As a result, his poems often shared the recurring theme of hope, breaking free from racial inequality, and to strive for a better future. This theme was very evident in the poems â€Å"Dreams† and â€Å"I Dream a World†, by Langston Hughes. This common theme is a result of the era Hughes grew up in. James LangstonRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes a Harlem Renaissance Man1463 Words   |  6 Pagesartists such as Langston Hughes. James Mercer Langston Hughes was an African American poet, journalist, playwright, and novelist whose works were incredibly well known. It was during the peak of the Harlem Renaissance in which Langston Hughes produced poetry which was not just musically and artistically sound, but also captured the essence of the blues. Thus giving life to a new version of poetry that illustrated the African American struggle between society and oneself. Langston Hughes was one of theRead MoreLangston Hughes Biography1058 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"James Mercer Langston Hughes, known as Langston Hughes was born February 2, 1902 in Missouri, to Carrie Hughes and James Hughes.† Years later his parents separated. Langston’s father moved to Mexico and became very successful, as his for mother, she moved frequently to find better jobs. As a child growing up Langston spent most of his childhood living with his grandmother named Mary Langston in Lawrence, Kansas. Mary Langston was a learned women and a participant in the civil rights Movement. WhenRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesLangston Hughes is an extremely successful and well known black writer who emerged from the Harlem Renaissance (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). He is recognized for his poetry and like many other writers from the Harlem Renaissance, lived most of his life outside of Harlem (â€Å"Langston Hughes† 792). His personal experiences and opinions inspire his writing intricately. Unlike other writers of his time, Hughes expresses his discontent with black oppression and focuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’Read MoreDreams in Langston Hughes Poems1401 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go through and what they hadRead MoreLangston Hughes Poetry649 Words   |  3 PagesLangston Hughes, the most memorable figure of the Harlem Renaissance, wrote everything from plays, short stories, novels, and most importantly poetry. Hughes’ writing is based on his personal views on frustration that he had towards the plight of African Americans. Langston has no fear with anything he is involved in and stood up for his people. Unfortunately, his people responded negatively towards his actions, for they thought he was creating more racial tensions. Nevertheless, this was not Hughes’Read MoreLangston Hughes E ssay1084 Words   |  5 PagesLangston Hughes was a large influence on the African-American population of America. Some of the ways he did this was how his poetry influenced Martin Luther King Jr. and the Harlem Renaissance. These caused the civil rights movement that resulted in African-Americans getting the rights that they deserved in the United States. Hughes was born in 1902 in Joplin, Missouri. His parents divorced when he was young and his grandmother raised him. She got him into literature and education; she was one of

Study Guide for Final Exam †Criminal Law Free Essays

Concepts of Criminal Law AJ-320 Study Guide – Final Exam Understand rules relating to self defense, when can force be used, how much? Understand a perfect or imperfect defense. Understand affirmative defenses and burden of proof. Understand imminent danger. We will write a custom essay sample on Study Guide for Final Exam – Criminal Law or any similar topic only for you Order Now Understand the Castle doctrine. Understand defense of the cartilage. Understand the Choice of Evils (general principle of necessity) defense and when it can be used. Understand the consent defense. Understand the irresistible impulse rule. Understand the diminished capacity defense. Understand the juvenile court waiver. Understand the entrapment defense. Understand the concept of complicity. Understand the elements of being an accomplice. Understand the differences between the common law and modern approaches. Understand the concept of accessory-after-the-fact. Understand what vicarious liability is based on. Understand what a strict liability crime involves. Understand what traditional parental responsibility is based on. What are inchoate crimes? How was common law attempt recognized? What are the elements of the Model Penal Code approach to an attempt? Understand the difference between legal and factual impossibility. What is the unilateral approach to modern conspiracy statutes? How does a party abandon an attempt? Understand the difference between a wheel and chain conspiracy. Which was the first state (1794) to split murder into two degrees? Which early common law, which felons were subjected to the death penalty? What is bifurcation as it relates to capital homicide cases? What is the objective reasonable person test in voluntary manslaughter? Understand the differences between voluntary and involuntary manslaughter. What are the elements of a criminal homicide? What is the most famous case relating to Corporate Homicide? Know the following cases: State v. Harold Fish (2009), People v. John Gray et al. (1991], People v. Goetz (1986), State v. Thomas (1997) Read the glossaries for Chapters Five through Nine. How to cite Study Guide for Final Exam – Criminal Law, Papers

Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essay Example

Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent Essay Chem. 253 Lab 1: Acid/Base Properties of an Antimicrobial Agent 09/03/13 Purpose The purpose was to determine the acid and base properties of the antimicrobial agent sodium beneath. Theory Sodium has mainly been used in food processing to avoid growth of bacteria and harmful microorganisms. It is commonly used to preserve foods and beverages that have an acidic PH. Rather than benzene acid, sodium beneath is used because it is generally soluble in most aqueous solutions but benzene acid is not. Reaction Sodium beneath mixed with water, dissociates into beneath and sodium ions. Hydrogen chloride, which is a gas, will exist in unionized form when combined with water to form hydrochloric acid. Then when the two solutions are combined, HUH+ transfers electrons to beneath ions, which act as the base to form benzene acid as a solid precipitate. The overall balanced equation is as follows. Yield Calculations: Sodium Beneath: Theoretical: The theoretical yield of Benzene Acid is 1. Egg. The actual yield of Benzene Acid is 1. Egg. We will write a custom essay sample on Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Acid/ Base properties of an antimicrobial agent specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The percent yield of this experiment is: Methods/Procedures 1) Weigh and tare a 50 ml beaker, then place about 1. G of sodium beneath into the beaker. Record the actual mass of sodium beneath used. 2) Measure about 10 ml of distilled water with a graduated cylinder and pour it into the beaker with the sodium beneath. Use a glass-stirring rod to dissolve the sodium beneath in the water. 3) Measure about 4 ml of 3. 0 M HCI and add it slowly, with stirring, to the sodium beneath solution until the pH of the solution is 2. Use pH paper to test the solution each time by using your stirring rod to place a drop of the solution on the pH paper. Adding excess HCI to the solution will not affect yield of product. 4) To induce crystallization of product, cool the solution to 10 degrees Celsius or below. Place your 50 ml beaker in a large beaker containing cracked ice with a little water to reduce the temperature. 5) Clamp a 250 ml filtering flask to a ring stand and place the Boucher funnel on top with an appropriately sized filter paper (be sure to pre-weigh the filter paper). Moisten the filter paper in the funnel with a little distilled water, and make sure that the moist filter paper fits snugly in the bottom of the Boucher funnel with no folds or bends in the filter paper visible. Use the thick rubber tubing from your drawer to provide vacuum from the aspirator to your filter flask. Be sure you are connecting the tubing to the aspirator, not to the water or gas outlet. Turn on the water to a low volume to create a vacuum in the filter flask but not so much that you flood the sink. Transfer the crystals (quantitatively) from Step 4 to the funnel. Use about 5 ml of distilled water to rinse any solid that remains in the beaker onto the filter paper. Let the solid air-dry with the aspirator running for a few minutes. 7) Place the filter paper with solid in the oven for about 15 minutes to dry. Weigh and then dry again for 5 minutes. Weigh again. If your second weight differs from the first weight by more than 0. 5%, dry again for 10 minutes. Continue this process until successive weighing are within 0. 5%. For this lab, we must be sure to always wear our safety glasses whenever we are in the laboratory and wear gloves when we are conducting an experiment. Benzene acid and sodium beneath used in this experiment can be mild irritants to the skin. We must be careful not to get them on Observations/Results The mixture began clear but once we added the HCI the substance was white and odorless. Our precipitate was solid and white. For the numbers, sodium beneath was the limiting reagent because it had 0. 01063 moles whereas hydrochloric acid had 0. 012 moles. The theoretical yield was 1. Egg and the actual yield was 1. 51 g. With these numbers the percent yield turned out to be 96. 37%. Discussion/Conclusion Throughout the experiment I felt as though there were some errors. Also, I feel as though I may have lost amounts of the mixture and precipitate through transfers that affected our final weight. I could tell that the pH had an effect because we know that if there is a decrease in pH a pr ecipitate starts to form. Exercises 1) In a solution containing aqueous sodium beneath, a decrease in pH usually results in the formation of a precipitate. A.

Dmci Homes Application of Pert Essays

Dmci Homes Application of Pert Essays Dmci Homes Application of Pert Essay Dmci Homes Application of Pert Essay information on units and important areas within the vicinity. Assistance on transactions concerning the developer, including following up documents * Community events  such as sports fests, family day, Halloween treats, Christmas party, etc. You are also able to enjoy the perks of living in a DMCI Homes community. Modern-day facilities that are standard features in the developments and which contribute to a more convenient lifestyle include: * 24-hour security service * Gated entrance and perimeter fence * Overhead water tank, deep well, and underground cistern * Covered bridge way connecting the residential building to the car park * Individual drying area at the roof deck Provision for CATV and telephone lines QUALITY WORKMANSHIP Expect efficient floor plans and high-quality structures with first-rate construction techniques in the development of all DMCI Homes projects, owing to its mother company DMCI’s 50-year c ommendable track record in the construction industry. DMCI Homes also provides one (1) year quality warranty that covers repairs, free of charge, on any workmanship defects of the unit. Fast and reliable, the companys construction of the residential buildings and turnover of units are within 6 to 12 months only. READY FOR OCCUPANCY AND MOVE-IN POLICY For as low as 20% down payment for mid-rise or 30% down payment for high-rise, a homebuyer may immediately move into his or her unit and enjoy the privileges of living in a DMCI Homes residential community, provided his or her unit is completed. Without the long wait, take pleasure in a resort living ambience right within your own backyard, or realize your condo unit’s earning potential sooner than you expected. II. Literature Review A BRIEF HISTORY OF SCHEDULING BACK TO THE FUTURE Presented at 4 6 April 2006 Hyatt, Canberra. Patrick Weaver FAICD, FCIOB, PMP. Director, Mosaic Project Services Pty Ltd Introduction The science of ‘scheduling’ as defined by Critical Path Analysis (CPA) will celebrate its 50th Anniversary in 2007. In 1956/57 Kelly and Walker started developing the algorithms that became the ‘Activity-on-Arrow’ or ADM scheduling methodology for DuPont. The program they developed was trialed on plant shutdowns in 1957 and their first paper on critical path scheduling was published in March 1959. The PERT system was developed at around the same time but lagged CPM by 6 to 12 months (although the term ‘critical path’ was invented by the PERT team). Later the Precedence (PDM) methodology was developed by Dr. John Fondahl in 1977 as a ‘noncomputer’ alternative to CPM. Arguably, the evolution of modern project management is a direct consequence of the need to make effective use of the data generated by the schedulers in an attempt to manage and control the critical path1. The evolution of scheduling closely tracked the development of computers. The initial systems were complex mainframe behemoths, typically taking a new scheduler many months to learn to use. These systems migrated to the ‘mini computers’ of the 1970s and 80s but remained expensive, encouraging the widespread use of manual scheduling techniques, with only the larger (or more sophisticated) organizations being able to afford a central scheduling office and the supporting computer systems. The advent of the ‘micro computer’ (ie, personal computer, or PC) changed scheduling forever. The evolution of PC based scheduling move project controls from an environment where a skilled cadre of schedulers operating expensive systems made sure the scheduling was ‘right’ (and the organization ‘owned’ the data) to a ituation where anyone could learn to drive a scheduling software package, schedules became ‘islands of data’ sitting on peoples’ desktops and the overall quality of scheduling plummeted. Current trends back to ‘Enterprise’ systems supported by PMOs seem to be redressing the balanceand offerin g the best of both worlds. From the technology perspective, information is managed centrally, but is easily available on anyone’s desktop via web enabled and networked systems. From the skills perspective PMOs are re-developing career paths for schedulers and supporting the development of scheduling standards within organizations. This paper tracks the development of scheduling (with a particular focus on Micro Planner and Primavera) and looks at the way the evolving technology has changed the way projects are scheduled and managed. In the Beginning Pre 1956 The concept of ‘scheduling’ is not new; Sun Tzu wrote about scheduling and strategy 5000 years ago from a military perspective, the pyramids are over 3000 years old, transcontinental railways have been being built for some 200 years, etc. None of these activities could have been accomplished without some form of schedule; ie, the understanding of activities and sequencing. However, whilst the managers, priests and military leaders controlling the organizations responsible for accomplishing the ‘works’ must have an appreciation of ‘scheduling’ (or at least the successful ones would have) there is little evidence of any formal processes until the 20th Centenary. Henry L. Gantt, an American engineer and social scientist is credited with the developed the bar chart (Gantt Chart) in 1917 as a production control tool. In its pure form, the bar chart correlates activities and time in a graphical display allowing the timing of work to be determined but not interdependencies. Sequencing is inferred rather then shown and as a ‘hand drawn’ diagram, the early charts were a static representation of the schedule. Fig. 1 A typical Gantt chart. Milestone charts were also in regular use by the 1950s2. Major contracts were subdivided into sections with target dates set for accomplishing the work required to achieve each ‘milestone’. However, as with Gantt Charts, all of the dates and durations shown in these charts were based on heuristics (rules of thumb) and/or experience. It was possible to identify slippage but any assessment of the impact of a delay was based on a personal view of the data rather than analysis. As a consequence when schedule slippage became apparent on major contracts, the tendency was to flood the work with labor and ‘buy time’ frequently at a very high premium. Independent of the development of schedule control processes based on bar charts and milestones, work on linear programming had been going on for a number of years. This branch of mathematics looked at the cause and effect of actions on each other in situations such as the flow of traffic along a freeway. One of the mathematicians involved in this work was James E. Kelley. CPM and Kelly and Walker3 The origin of CPM can be traced back to mid 1956. E. I. du Pont de Numours (Du Pont) was looking for useful things to do with its ‘UNIVAC1’ computer (this was one of the very first computers installed in a commercial business anywhere and only the third UNIVAC machine built). Fig. 2 – An early UNIVAC Computer Du Pont’s management felt that ‘planning, estimating and scheduling’ seemed like a good use of the computer! Morgan Walker was given the job of discovering if a computer could be programmed to help. Others had started studying the problem, including other researchers within Du Pont but no one had achieved a commercially viable outcome. In the period from late 1956 through to April 1957, Walker assisted by Kelly and others had scoped a viable project. Their challenge was to solve the time-cost conundrum. They could demonstrate that in preference to flooding a project with labor to recover lost time, focusing effort on the ‘right’ tasks can reduce time without significantly increasing cost. The problem was identifying the ‘right’ tasks! Fig. 3 – The Time / Cost Curve On the 7th May 1957, a meeting in Newark Delaware committed US$226,400 to a project to develop CPM; Du Pont’s share was $167,700, Remington Rand Univac contributed $58,700. Univac had decided to help ‘to keep IBM at bay’; competition can be useful†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ but more important than the money was the people brought to the project by Univac. The Du Pont team was lead by Morgan R. Walker, key players from Univac were James E. Kelley and John Mauchly. Kelley was the mathematician and computer expert nominated by Mauchly to ‘solve the problem’ for Walker. The solution adopted by Kelley borrowed from ‘linear programming’ and used the i-j notation to describe the relationship between activities. This constrained the sequencing and made the calculations feasible (remembering the challenge was still to resolve the ‘time-cost’ trade off). This solution created a couple of significant challenges. One was gathering the data needed toload the computer model. Engineers were not used to describing work in terms of activities (tasks) with resource requirements and different costs depending on the resources deployed for a ‘normal’ duration and a ‘crashed’ duration. Gathering the data for the first CPM model took Walker over three months. The other problem was that unless you were a mathematician the concept of i-j was virtually meaningless! The ‘Activity-on-Arrow’ diagram was developed to explain the mathematics to management. Despite all of the problems, by 24th July 1957 the first analysis of the George Fischer Works schedule had been completed and the concept proven. The schedule included 61 activities, 8 timing restraints and 16 dummies. Fig. 4 A section of the George Fisher Works CPM schedule The major challenge then became reducing the number of calculations and variables to a level that could be processed in a reasonable timeframe. The estimate of the time needed to update a schedule of 150 to 300 arrows was some 350 hours of computer time per month. Some of the challenges were as basic as accessing the right computer; magnetic tapes storing the schedule data were prepared on the DuPont computers and then flown across the USA to be run on machines capable of analyzing the data. Development continued through 1958 and in March 1959 Kelley and Walker jointly presented CPM to the public at large at the Eastern Joint Computer Conference in a paper entitled ‘Critical Path Planning and Scheduling’. As with many innovations though, CPM nearly died as a concept. CPM saved DuPont 25% on their shutdowns, but they dropped the system shortly after the management team responsible for its development changed in 1959. Similarly, RemRand could see little future in the system and abandoned it! CPM as a technique was ‘saved’ by Mauchly ; Associates (including John Mauchly and Jim Kelley). Starting in 1959, they commercialized CPM, simplified the process to focus on schedule (rather than cost), organized training courses and developed an entire new way of ‘doing business’. CPM was popular but expensive – solving scheduling problems (eg loops) could cost the price of a small car! PERT and Other Systems PERT was developed independently by the US Navy Special Projects Office, Bureau of Ordnance (SP). A team comprising members of SP and consulting firm Booz, Allen and Hamilton was established in 1957 and produced its first report in July, 1958. Apart from introducing uncertainty into schedule durations, the lasting contribution the PERT teams have made to the business of scheduling was the invention of the ‘critical path’. Kelly and Walker used the name ‘main chain’ for the longest path through their schedule. By 1961, a multitude of PERT like systems had been developed including MAPS, SCANS, TOPS,PEP, TRACE, LESS and PAR. These systems were all network based and had distinguishing features of their own. PEP is particularly interesting as it was essentially ‘a connected bar chart; ie, a set of bars with links connecting the ends of related bars’5. A concept that has re-surfaced in a range of computerized scheduling tools in recent years. By 1968 PERT and CPM had emerged as the standard nomenclatures and dominant systems. Precedence Diagramming Method In 1961 John Fondahl published a report entitled ‘A Non-computer Approach to Critical Path Methods for the Construction Industry’6. This paper described the PDM system of scheduling and was offered as effective manual process to bypass the expensive computer based CPM system. The irony being PDM is now used by every computer based scheduling system, PERT has dies out completely and CPM is rarely seen and is generally only found in academic papers where the calculations are performed manually! Mainframe days†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Through to the early 1980s, to create a project schedule you either used a mini or mainframe computer system. Or drew and calculated schedules manually. Or did both; manual calculations first (to sort out problems) then pload the corrected and checked schedule to the computer. The run-time on the computer cost too much for errors! Schedulers were trained through a process of apprenticeships and mentoring; it cost too much and took too long to fix problems caused by inexperience! The consequence was the evolution of a group of project schedulers skilled in both the art and science of scheduling. H owever, as Kelley noted from the very earliest CPM training courses, there was a significant variability in the outcome for scheduling exercises caused by differing skill levels and perceptions on the trainees. The existence of scheduling departments meant the scheduling processes were standardized and the schedule data was largely ‘owned’ by the organization. Additionally, the desire of professional schedulers to exchange information and develop their skills would appear to have been the foundation for the evolution of ‘modern project management. PC systems Micro Planner Micro computers emerged in the late 1970s, machines like the Commodore and Atari were initially aimed at the enthusiast. However, by the end of the 1970s micro computers were starting to make their presence felt in the business world. One of the leaders in the business market was Apple Computer with its first ‘commercial’ PC, the Apple II being launched in 1979. The first commercial scheduling software for this class of computer was developed by Micro Planning Services in the UK. Running on the Apple II Micro Planner v1. 0 was released in 1980 after 14 months development, based on the ICL PERT mainframe system. The first IBM PC was launched in 1981; although the definitive IBM XT was not launched until 1983. In 1982, ‘The Planner’ is released for the 256K IBM PC and the Sirius/Victor. Windows’ type operating systems became available in 1984 (Apple Macintosh) with Microsoft’s ‘Windows v1. 0’ being launched in November ‘85. Micro Planner maintained their association with the Apple system launching graphical scheduling systems for the Apple Macintosh in 1986 and Windows in 1988; followed by the first true GUIb scheduling tool Micro Planner X-Pert in 1989. The author managed the Australian arm of the Micro Planner group from 1986 through to 1998 over this period the total annual sales of the business grew to more than $1 million. Primavera Primavera was founded in May 1983 by: Dick Faris, Joel Koppelman and Les Seskin (who owned a batch entry mainframe scheduling system). Today Primavera is arguably the dominant ‘high end’ project scheduling tool worldwide. But where did the name come from? Focusing on the then ‘mainstream’ DOS operating system, Primavera shot to prominence with the release of a 10,000 activity capable system in the late 1980s and has maintained its position as ‘market leader’ with a steady flow of innovative developments. The Changing Industry During the 1970s, the arrival of powerful project scheduling systems running on ‘Mini Computers’ caused the first major change. The lower operating cost of systems such as MAPPS on Wang and Artemis on HP and DEC hardware caused the rapid demise of mainframe scheduling systems. Apart from a few legacy systems the era of the mainframe was over by the mid 1980s. The ‘mini systems’ retained many of the characteristics of the mainframes though and required skilled schedulers to make efficient use of them. From the perspective of the people working as schedulers all that changed was the hardware and maybe the software vendor. The rapid spread of relatively cheap, easy-to-use’ PCs in the latter half of the 1980s spawned dozens (if not hundreds) of PC based scheduling systems including TimeLine and CA Super project at the ‘low end’, and Open Plan and Primavera at the ‘high end’ of PC capability. The ‘low end’ tools spread the availability of scheduling systems to a very wide audience and allowed everyone access to cheap computer based scheduling. This had two impacts, by the early 1990s no one was doing manual scheduling (apart maybe from a few ‘old timers’) and the number of people creating schedules on a part time, untrained basis exploded. At the same time, the increasing capability of the ‘high end’ systems annihilated the significantly more expensive mini systems. Scheduling had become a desk top PC based process. The last of the significant changes in the industry started in latter part of the 1980s and has continued through to the present time. Despite the ever increasing number of people using PC based scheduling tools; the competition in the market has driven prices down and caused a major consolidation of the industry. For many years, Microsoft Project could be bought for less than $100 per set. This decimated the ‘low end’ market. Similarly the cost of developing GUI interfaces and staying competitive in the features arms race at the ‘high end’ caused most of the system developers to move to greener pastures or simply close up shop. It is only since the start of the 21st century has this trend begun to change. The increase in the sophistication of Microsoft Project and the rise in its base cost to around $1000 has opened up the market to a number of low cost entry level tools based primarily on bar charts. There has also been an increase in the number of generally available niche systems offering enhanced; risk (eg Pertmaster), time/location and line of balance capabilities (eg DynaProjectâ„ ¢ and LinearPlus) and other functionality, that can operate stand alone or use data from and interact with the dominant systems such as Microsoft Project and Primavera. One very interesting development is a Russian tool called SPIDER. This software dynamically links time and cost (the original Kelley and Walker objective) within a managed risk profile. The loss of skills and control Prior to the 1980s Scheduling was a serious business; it used very expensive assets, required significant training and skill and was largely centralized and ‘visible’. Where manual scheduling was used, the saving in system costs was offset by the tedium of lengthy manual calculations. It simply did not pay to make mistakes! The arrival of ‘easy to use’ scheduling tools with a graphical interface radically changed the industry. Scheduling migrated to the desktop and the myth that ‘anyone’ can schedule (provided they knew how to switch on a PC) emerged. Many people learned ‘scheduling’ from using tools like Microsoft Project. There was no training or oversight and as a consequence, the average schedule is littered with ‘fixes’ allowed or encouraged by the tool. The trend has been towards a focus on computer processes and getting a schedule ‘looking right’ rather than analyzing a project to determine the appropriate duration based on appropriate resources and designing the schedule to be an effective management tool in the context of each specific project. As a direct consequence of this loss of skills, the importance of scheduling has dropped in most organizations and most projects run late! But the tide is turning†¦.. Current trends back to the future The requirement for effective ‘corporate governance’ is focusing management’s attention on project controls. The requirement for visibility, predictability and accountability of project performance can only be achieved by the introduction of effective corporate tools supported by skilled project schedulers7. The drive for visibility has been met by the arrival of powerful ‘Enterprise’ tools such as Primavera Enterprise and the suite of programs from WST including Open Plan and WelcomeHome. These integrated tools with effective data management and security ‘built in’ deliver the visibility and control needed for effective corporate governance (provided the tools are adequately supported). Additionally, the integrated nature of the tools makes project data visible and this visibility encourages enhanced quality. The drive for quality is creating a demand for skilled schedulers. This skills shortage is being helped by the spread of PMOsd and a renewed interest in scheduling training8. Many PMOs are also starting to recognize the need for, and develop skills in the ‘art’ of effective scheduling, as well as providing a home and career path for schedulers. The trend back towards a corporate view of schedule information and the requirement for skilled schedulers to operate the tools and provide effective support to project managers is being supported by the development of new standards. PMI will launch its ‘Scheduling Practice Standard’ in 2006, to augment the information in the PMBOK Guide. A longer term initiative is the work being undertaken by PMI’s College of Scheduling to develop and publish its ‘Scheduling Excellence Initiative’9. SEI is planned to develop and publish a comprehensive set of industry accepted best practices and guidelines for every aspect of project management ‘that touches a schedule, or that a schedule touches’. The consequence of these trends is that schedulers are once again in great demand around the world. The role of the scheduler is back! Conclusions The evolution of scheduling has been a fascinating journey: Kelley and Walker set out to solve the time-cost conundrum and invented CPM. For most organizations the resolution of time-cost issues is still in the ‘too hard’ basket (although SPIDER offers an interesting solution)! The PERT project invented the name ‘Critical Path’, and everyone else borrowed it. Fondahl invented a non-computer methodology for scheduling that is now used by every computer package worldwide! Whilst Kelley and Walkers CPM system was developed for computers and is now only seen as a manual technique. The changing role of the scheduler has been almost as interesting: The mainframe era saw scheduling as: o A skilled profession o Central to the success of projects The new ‘enterprise’ era sees scheduling as o A skilled profession o Central to the success of projects We have gone back to the future! III. Data and Analysis -Data Activity| Description| Predecessor| ABCDEFGHIJKLMN| Civil and StructuralFire Protection WorksMechanical WorksElectrical WorksPlumbing WorksAuxilliaryMasonry/WetworksMiscellaneous Walls ; FinishesMiscellaneousPainting WorksCeiling WorksFloor FinishesMechanical EquipmentElectrical EquipmentFire Protection EquipmentPlumbing Equipment| D, EB, C, EAAHH, IGFK, L, M| This Table shows the flow of activities in building basement 3. We were able to determine the activities by the given data. * CPM Network Crash Completion Time 9 months Crash Cost: Php 6, 197, 600. 00 Critical Path: B – G – L M IV. Conclusion This study investigates on the feasibility of project development thru the use of PERT and CPM techniques. Both aided the researchers in getting the critical path, optimum project completion time, and minimum project cost incurred after the optimum crash completion time. The critical path is the longest path of the project where it indicates the amount of time needed for the completion of the project. Thus the activities along this path must be accelerated in order to catalyze the project, On the other hand, when delays happen in these activities would cause a chain reaction of delays throughout the scheduling, etc for the rest of the project. Obtaining the optimum project completion time is done by crashing the network. Crashing the network refers to crashing a number of activities in order to reduce the duration of the project below its normal value. Based on the data obtained, this project accomplished in 13 months with a total cost Php 4, 596,400. 0. However if the project is crashed the soonest possible time is 9 months with a cost of Php 6, 197, 600. 00. V. Recommendation Though PERT and CPM considers the cost and completion time available it doesn’t really reflect how the real scheduling of a construction project is. It is only an ideal flow of activities. In current construction project activities usually starts simultaneously e. g. As soon as this first floor floor ing is done, they begin with the next floor not observing anymore the other activities to be done on first floor. Therefore the use of PERT CPM should be of initial study and not as a basis of overall scheduling of construction. VI. References Hillier and Lieberman. â€Å"Introduction to Operations Research†, Chapter 10 Project Management with PERT/CPM, 7th Edition Weaver, P. (2006) â€Å"A Brief History of Scheduling†, ; pmforum. org/library/papers/2006/A_Brief_History_of_Scheduling. pdf;. â€Å"PERT/CPM for Project Scheduling ; Management†, ;interventions. org/pertcpm. html;. â€Å"Pert Diagram and CPM†,

The Curious Case of Whet

The Curious Case of Whet The Curious Case of â€Å"Whet† The Curious Case of â€Å"Whet† By Maeve Maddox Here’s a question from Caro that cites a usage for whet that I’ve never heard: I have recently seen several people using the word â€Å"whet† in place of the word â€Å"wet†.   (In one case, I asked a friend if shed meant to say â€Å"wet† but she said it can also be used as a dirtier form for â€Å"wanton† I can only wonder what the friend understands by wanton. Both whet and wet have been in the language since Ango-Saxon times. whet: OE hwettan to sharpen† Even back then the word could have the figurative sense of â€Å"to encourage.† wet: OE wà ¦t moist, liquid, OE wà ¦tan to be wet. OE wà ¦ter, â€Å"water.† When I taught young girls in England, I often heard one of them say that So-and-So was â€Å"wet.† It meant that the unfortunate girl under discussion was â€Å"socially ineffectual† or, as they may be saying now, â€Å"wimpy.† I don’t often hear the word wanton in ordinary conversation. It can mean â€Å"lascivious† as in â€Å"that wanton hussy.† Youre more likely to hear someone refer to â€Å"wanton cruelty.† In the latter example the meaning is â€Å"merciless, unfeeling, inhuman†: Leaving those dogs tied up in the backyard when they moved was wanton cruelty. The earliest meaning of wanton was similar to the French expression mal à ©levà ©, â€Å"badly brought up.† Wanton was a word to use when referring to unruly or unsocialized children as Shakespeare does in Lear: As flies to wanton boys are we to the Gods. They kill us for their sport. Wanton was originally a two-part word: wan-towen. OE wan meant â€Å"wanting or lacking.† OE togen was the past participle of teon, â€Å"to train, to discipline.† The wanton child was lacking in discipline. Expressions with â€Å"whet† in the sense of â€Å"encourage† or â€Å"stimulate† whet one’s appetite: stimulate one’s desire to eat whet one’s whistle: clear one’s throat by taking a drink whet one’s anger: increase feelings of anger Expressions with â€Å"wet† wet one’s whistle: take a drink wet-nurse (1620): a woman hired to nurse another’s infant wet dream (1851): nocturnal emission wet blanket (1879): a person who brings down the spirits of others, (the way a wet blanket may be used to smother a fire). to be all wet (1923): to be in the wrong wetback (1924): illegal Mexican immigrant (wet because of wading the Rio Grande). Bottomline: Using whet as a â€Å"dirtier form of wanton† is totally bizarre. (But then, not being au courant with the latest slang, I may be all wet.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:50 Diminutive Suffixes (and a Cute Little Prefix)Oppose and Opposed To

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Essay - 6

HCM621-0804A-01 Ethics, Policy, and Law in Health Care Management - Phase 3 Individual Project 2 - Essay Example In the survey the admin was able to identify the Advantages of patient satisfaction: Medical Center improved its managing care. The RCMC should have an environment that will satisfy not only the patient but its relative as well. As result of this patient and its relative may recommend RCMC to others which may help the organization increased its income. Nurse- patient, doctors – patient and other staff –patient relationship are among the important factors that are considered. A patient is satisfied enough if he sees his doctor visits him regularly in his room. Nurse patient relationship will increase the possibility that a patient will cooperate in taking his medication. Availability of the medicines needed should be put in focus. Relatives are also particular in medication. RCMC Pharmacy should have at least 90 percent of medications needed in the hospital. Patients are also particular in the food they eat in the

Reflective writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective writing - Assignment Example The nurses, or other clinical and medical practitioners, cooperate and work with each other, enable better communication, more understanding, faster decision-making, and a stronger supervision for each other. Group leadership skills provide a solid foundation for using group concepts, theory, and research with a wide variety of groups and group settings (Carolyn, 2008). It is also observed that the patients with chronic health problems are better treated when examined by a group of nurses or doctors. In this way, a constructive research and discussion takes place, and there is an enhanced relationship with the patients. Moreover, while working in groups, the professional skills of nurses are also groomed and they begin enjoying helping and facilitating one another in professional activities (Nursing Times, 2000). The advantage that the concept of group working gives is that there is a more formalized joint approach to the planning of patient care through further participation of patients as well as nurses. The group support also helps relieve anxiety from both the doctor and the patient. I think, in a group working situation, it is also easier to brainstorm and find solutions to the existing problems. It also encourages an effective utilization of the resources, and helps to keep complete records and collection of data whenever needed. In the profession of nursing, it is essential to have mutual cooperation, trustworthiness, sense of accomplishment and respect for the individual values and beliefs. All these aspects can be worked on while performing the tasks in a group (The Scottish Government, 2004). Moreover, working in groups is extremely beneficial for the organizations which operate in a complex manner. There is increased competition, and conformity to better productivity. It results into more and better idea generation and an individual learns to lead and attain a sense of responsibility on his/her part. Shared knowledge and experience gives the

The roles and objectives of AASB

The roles and objectives of AASB The AASB is hardly an independent standard setting body. Its policies and activities are subjected to the dictation and supervision by at least two big brothers the IASB and the FRC, not to mention the ASIC. A critical evaluation of this statement has been done in the light of the present accounting regulatory environment in Australia. This study had a detailed analysis within the concerned Government websites of Australia, annual reports, journal and documents. This paper will discuss the various roles and objectives of AASB as an accounting standard setting body and its relationship to FRC, IASB and ASIC in achieving its task. Finally helps to reach a conclusion whether agree or not to agree with the above statement. The Australian Accounting Standard Board (AASB) AASB is an independent Australian Government agency under the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001. It has responsibility for the development of accounting standards for application by companies and by other entities in the private and public sectors, and for the development of Statements of Accounting Concepts. (Lundqvist k, 2003) AASB (2009, pp 23-24) in the Annual report 2009, describes the function, mission, vision and objectives of AASB Statutory functions of AASB: To develop a conceptual framework for the purpose of evaluating proposed standards; To make accounting standards under section 334 of the Corporations Act 2001; To formulate accounting standards for other purposes; To participate in and contribute to the development of a single set of accounting standards for worldwide use; To advance and promote the main objects of Part 12 of the ASIC Act, which include reducing the cost of capital, enabling Australian entities to compete effectively overseas and maintaining investor confidence in the Australian economy. Vision of AASB To be recognised as a global centre of excellence, delivering a truly distinctive contribution to the development of high-quality financial reporting standards. Mission of the AASB To develop and maintain high-quality financial reporting standards for all sectors of the Australian economy To contribute, through leadership and talent, to the development of global financial reporting standards and to be recognised as facilitating the inclusion of the Australian community in global standard setting. The major standard-setting objectives of the AASB, as set out in its 2006-07 annual report, are to: issue Australian versions of International Accounting Standards Board documents; produce standards that treat like transactions consistently; significantly influence the development of International Financial Reporting Standards; identify areas requiring fundamental review and introduce standards to cover those areas; and promote globally consistent application and interpretation of accounting standards. The Standard-Setting Process The following  diagram  is a simplified view of  the standard-setting process. Organisational Structure The following  diagram  shows the relationships between other bodies and the AASB. Source: Adapted from AASB (2009) As an independent standard setting body, AASB is responsible for the development of accounting standards for application by companies and by other entities in the private and public sectors, and for the development of Statements of Accounting Concepts. (Lundqvist k, 2003) The policies and activities of AASB are subject to the supervision of an advisory body, FRC. AASB implemented the broad strategic direction from FRC to adopt  International Accounting Standards Board  (IASB) standards for financial reporting Financial Reporting Council (FRC) FRC (2009) in its website makes a broad understanding on its responsibilities, functions and objectives. The Financial Reporting Council (FRC) is a statutory body under the Australian  as amended by the Corporate Law Economic Reform Program (Audit Reform and Corporate Disclosure) Act 2004. FRC is responsible for providing broad oversight of the process for setting accounting and auditing standards as well as monitoring the effectiveness of auditor independence requirements in Australia and giving the Minister reports and advice on these matters. Responsibilities of FRC on accounting standard setting functions: appointing the members of the AASB (other than the Chairmen); approving and monitoring the AASBs priorities; business plans; budgets; and staffing arrangements (including level, structure and composition of staffing); determining the AASBs broad strategic directions; giving the AASB directions, advice or feedback on matters of general policy and on the AASBs procedures; monitoring the development of international standards that apply in major international financial centres; furthering the development of a single set of accounting standards for world-wide use with appropriate regard to international developments; promoting the continued adoption of international best practice accounting standards in the Australian accounting standard setting processes if doing so would be in the best interests of both the private and public sectors in the Australian economy; monitoring: the operation of accounting standards to assess their continued relevance and their effectiveness in achieving their objectives in respect of both the private and public sectors of the Australian economy; the effectiveness of the consultative arrangements used by the AASB seeking contributions towards the costs of the Australian accounting standard setting processes; monitoring and periodically reviewing the level of funding, and the funding arrangements, for the AASB Objectives of the FRC in relation to Accounting standards The FRC operates within a framework set out in the ASIC Act. Main objectives are: Accounting standards should require the provision of information that: allows users to make and evaluate decisions about allocating scarce resources; assists directors to discharge their obligations in relation to financial reporting; is relevant to assessing performance, financial position, financing and investment; is relevant and reliable; facilitates comparability; and is readily understandable. Accounting standards should facilitate the Australian economy by reducing the cost of capital and enabling Australian entities to compete effectively overseas. Accounting should facilitate the Australian economy by having accounting standards that are clearly stated and easy to understand. Accounting standards should maintain investor confidence in the Australian economy, including its capital markets. Functions and Objectives of FRC clarifies its limitations on standard setting. According to Leo et.al (2008, pp 16) FRC has the power to do all things necessary to perform its functions, including establishment of committees and advisory groups. In particular FRC has to ensure that standards set by AASB are in harmony with standards established in international level so that there is no competitive disadvantage overseas for Australian businesses. To ensure that AASB as an independent standard setter there is a provision under the ACT that expressly limits the FRCs ability to become involved in the technical deliberations of the AASB. It provides that the FRC does not have power to direct the AASB in relation to the development, or making, of a particular standard, or to veto a standard formulated or recommended by the AASB .(FRC,2009) Bowrey G (2007) in his article has a significant argument on the independence of AASB. In ASIC Act 2001 the role of the FRC could be summarised as providing broad oversight for setting accounting standards in Australia. Indeed section 225 of the ASIC Act 2001 outlines that the FRC does not have the ability to be become involved in the technical deliberations of the AASB, nor does it have power to direct the AASB in the development of a particular standard and nor does the FRC have the power to veto a standard made or recommended by the AASB. These limitations placed on the FRC are to ensure the independence of the standard setter. The notion of independence of the AASB is eroded by the fact of direct control on the appointment of the members. The notion of independence is even further eroded because the FRC sets the AASBs priorities, its business plans, budgeting and even it staffing arrangements. The government through department, Treasury, has financial and operational control of the FRC and in turn the AASB. In this article again question of independence arises where, the budgets of all government organisations go through a significantly in-depth evaluation process through the Senate Estimates. So even though the FRC sets the AASBs budget, before any money is provided the budget estimates need to go through the senate for approval. So how is it possible for the AASB to be independent? The fact that current and potential government (opposition) members have the power to decide for what and how much to fund the board certainly supports the argument about the lack of independence. There doesnt appear to be any independence on the contrary the AASB seems to be highly dependent on both FRC and the Parliament. The argument in this article ended without reaching a specific conclusion as there is specific legislation this government has enacted to ensure there is independence in the accounting standard setting process. Hockey J (1999) in his speech addressing to the Group of 100 Executive Dinner Meeting in Sydney suggested that the FRC might have too much power and too much control over the standard setter. He said that even though 225 of the ASIC Act 2001placed some limitation over FRC the new AASB, though independent, will be fully accountable to the FRC in much the same way that the UK Accounting Standards Board is to the UK Financial Reporting Council and the US Financial Accounting Standards Board is to the US Financial Accounting Foundation. Under a strategy adopted by the Financial Reporting Council [1] in July 2002, the Australian Accounting Standards Board (AASB) is obliged to work towards the full implementation of the International Accounting Standards (IAS) (now known as International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) [2]) in Australia.(Hay A, 2004). The primary objective of the new accounting standards is the expected efficiency of the capital markets that will arise from the existence of a set of globally acceptable accounting standards that result in high quality comparable and transparent financial reporting. In short, an objective of the harmonisation of international accounting standards is a worldwide effort to restore confidence in corporate reporting and create a free flow of capital worldwide. A second objective is the facilitation of cross border comparison of accounts by investors, leading to a reduced cost of capital for Australian companies and assisting them to raise capital or list overseas. From this it is clear that IASB is not directing to adopt any standard but it is for the efficiency of capital market and for a reduced cost of capital AASB does so. In an article, Brown AM et.al (2007) consider AASB, as one of the operating bodies of FRC which does the functions of FRC.In this article it is said that FRC oversees the activities of AASB and has no technical role on the standard setting . In adoption of international accounting standards when started from 2005 FRC said that the Australian Accounting Standards Board would decide the appropriate time at which future amendments to those standards would be made law in Australia. (Tom, R 2006).This also an indication of the AASBs independence in standard setting and the amendments of those standard set. The  International Accounting Standards Board  (IASB) The  International Accounting Standards Board  (IASB) is an independent, privately-funded accounting standard-setter based in  London, England. The IASB is committed to developing in the public interest, a single set of high quality ,understandable and enforceable global accounting standards that require transparent and comparable information in general purpose financial statement .In addition IASB cooperates with national accounting standard setters o achieve convergence in accounting standards around the world.( Leo et.al (2008, pp 21)) IASB as an independent, private-sector body develops and approves International Financial Reporting Standards. The IASB operates under the oversight of the International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation. The IASB was formed in 2001 to replace the International Accounting Standards Committee. IAS Plus International Accounting Standards, explains the objectives of IASB To develop, in the public interest, a single set of high quality, understandable and enforceable global accounting standards that require high quality, transparent and comparable information in financial statements and other financial reporting to help participants in the worlds capital markets and other users make economic decisions; To promote the use and rigorous application of those standards; To fulfil the above objectives and, to take account of, as appropriate, the special needs of small and medium-sized entities and emerging economies; and To bring about convergence of national accounting standards and International Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards to high quality solutions. Adoption of IASB Standards by AASB Adoption of IASB Standards by AASB is explained by AASB(2009) in its website. AASB made Australian equivalents to International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) standards on 15 July 2004. The overall approach of AASB is to adopt the content and words of IASB standards, accommodating the Australian legislative environment with only the words being changed. Main focus of IASB is on for-profit entities whereas AASB is responsible for setting accounting standards for all types of reporting entities. Suitably identified additional text, is included in the AASB standards to deal with those limited cases where there is a need to have different or additional requirements for not-for-profit entities. These additions do not impact on the requirements in relation to for-profit entities There are circumstances in which a not-for-profit entity complying with the Australian equivalents to the IASB standards will not be able to simultaneously comply with the IASB standards because the additional requirements for not-for-profit entities are inconsistent with the IASB requirements. In some cases, existing AASB standards contain helpful commentary that is not included in the equivalent IASB standards. The AASB retains this commentary as guidance that is not part of the standards where it is considered to be of benefit to users of AASB standards and provided it does not contradict the content of Australian equivalents to IASB standards. Thus AASB is aiming for the highest quality financial reporting in adopting IASB standards. Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) According to ASIC(2009) ,ASIC is Australias corporate, markets and financial services regulator, which is an   independent Commonwealth Government body set up under and administer the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act (ASIC Act), and carry out most of work under the Corporations Act. ASIC ensures that Australias financial markets are fair and transparent, supported by confident and informed investors and consumers. ASIC regulate Australian companies, financial markets, financial services organisations and professionals who deal and advise in investments, superannuation, insurance, deposit taking and credit. ASICs Statutory Role and Responsibilities Cameron A (2000) discuss the role and responsibilities of ASIC ASICs role in the financial reporting system is not well understood Responsibilities and Obligations in regard to financial reporting imposed on ASIC by the Corporations Law are as follows Monitoring and enforcing compliance with financial reporting requirements of the Law, including the accounting standards. Powers to exempt companies from the requirements of Accounting Standards and other provisions of the Law, and to modify the application of the Law. Relationship Between ASIC and the AASB ASIC is in full support of the AASBs standard setting process. Both agencies share information and regulatory concerns. ASIC gives information of concerns of accounting practices that come to their attention under their activities and ensures that the Board is aware of the views on their proposals for new standards and revisions to existing ones, as market regulator. All contributions made by ASIC have to be considered by the Board on making a final decision on Standards. (Cameron A, 2000) ASICs role is to contribute to the development of high quality standards to promote market integrity generally, and to enforce the individual Standards made by the Board. Even though ASIC does not have authority to establish or veto accounting standards, ASIC does have the power to exempt or modify them. ASIC also develops policy on applying financial reporting requirements of the Law in new and problem areas. For example, development of transitional reporting requirements of building societies, credit unions and friendly societies. Functions under  Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001  (ASIC, 2009) Maintain, facilitate and improve the performance of the financial system and entities in it Promote confident and informed participation by investors and consumers in the financial system Administer the law effectively and with minimal procedural requirements Enforce and give effect to the law Receive, process and store, efficiently and quickly, information that is given to us Make information about companies and other bodies available to the public as soon as practicable. Conclusion To conclude the above statement can be agreed only to some extent .The statement specifies the activities of AASB are under the supervision of FRC, and it is the function of FRC to oversee the process of setting accounting standards, but the Act has placed limitations on FRC to ensure the independence of the standard setter.AASB aims for the high quality financial reporting in adopting IASB standards. The role of ASIC is to contribute towards the development of standards by AASB.In short, the combined effort of the bodies will help develop and maintain high-quality financial reporting standards for all sectors of the Australian economy